Tetrabutylammonium iyode(TBAI) ni imiti ivanze yitabiriwe cyane mubijyanye na chimie organic.Numunyu usanzwe ukoreshwa nkicyiciro cyo kwimura icyiciro.Imiterere yihariye ya TBAI ituma ihitamo ryiza kubwoko bwinshi bwimiti yimiti, ariko nubuhe buryo bukurikira ibyo bitekerezo?
TBAI izwiho ubushobozi bwo kohereza ion hagati yicyiciro kidasobanutse.Ibi bivuze ko ishobora gutuma reaction ibaho hagati yimvange ubundi idashobora gukorana.TBAI ni ingirakamaro cyane mubitekerezo birimo halide, nka iyode, kuko irashobora kongera imbaraga zayo mumashanyarazi mugihe ikomeza imiterere ya ionic.
Imwe mumikorere isanzwe ya TBAI ni muri synthesis ya organic organic.Iyo TBAI yongewemo muburyo bubiri bwibikorwa bya reaction, irashobora guteza imbere ihererekanyabubasha rya anion hagati yicyiciro, bigatuma reaction ibaho bidashoboka udakoresheje catalizator.Kurugero, TBAI yakoreshejwe muguhuza nitrile idahagije mugukora ketone hamwe na sodium cyanide imbere ya catalizator.
Uburyo bwa TBAI-catalizike reaction bushingiye ku ihererekanyabubasha hagati yibyiciro byombi.Gukemura kwa TBAI mumashanyarazi kama nurufunguzo rwo gukora neza nkibisubizo kuko bituma umusemburo agira uruhare mubitekerezo mugihe asigaye mugice kama.Uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo bushobora kuvunagurwa muburyo bukurikira:
1. Iseswa ryaTBAImu cyiciro cy'amazi
2. Kwimura TBAI mugice kama
3. Imyitwarire ya TBAI hamwe na organic substrate kugirango ikore intera
4. Kwimura hagati yicyiciro cyamazi
5. Imyitwarire hagati hamwe na reaction yo mumazi kugirango itange ibicuruzwa byifuzwa
Imikorere ya TBAI nkumusemburo biterwa nubushobozi bwayo budasanzwe bwo kohereza ion mubice byombi, mugihe ikomeza imiterere ya ionic.Ibi bigerwaho na lipophilicite yo hejuru yitsinda rya alkyl ya molekile ya TBAI itanga ingabo ya hydrophobique ikikije umuyaga wa cationic.Iyi miterere ya TBAI itanga ituze kuri ion yimuwe kandi igafasha reaction gukomeza neza.
Usibye synthesis ya porogaramu, TBAI yakoreshejwe no mubindi bintu bitandukanye bivura imiti.Kurugero, yakoreshejwe mugutegura amide, amidine, na urea.TBAI yakoreshejwe kandi mubitekerezo birimo gushiraho karuboni-karubone cyangwa gukuraho amatsinda akora nka halogene.
Mu gusoza, uburyo bwaTBAI-ibisubizo bya catalizike bishingiye ku ihererekanya rya ion hagati yicyiciro kidasobanutse, gishobozwa nimiterere yihariye ya molekile ya TBAI.Mugutezimbere reaction hagati yimvange ubundi yaba inert, TBAI yabaye igikoresho cyagaciro kubashinzwe imiti ya sintetike mumirima itandukanye.Imikorere yayo kandi ihindagurika bituma iba umusemburo kubashaka kwagura ibikoresho byabo bya shimi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2023